Located in the northwest of the Pauillac appellation, Château Mouton Rothschild is one of the five First Growths (Premiers Grands Crus Classés) of the Médoc. This famous château is known for its opulent wine, with labels decorated each year by a new artist (Picasso, Francis Bacon, Annette Messager, etc.). Since 1962, the estate has proudly offered a wine museum for visitors right in the heart of the Médoc.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the château, then called Brane-Mouton, was known for the quality of its terroir, which was made up of several gravelly hills or "mothons" in Gascon dialect. On May 11, 1853, Baron Nathaniel de Rothschild, from the English branch of the banking family, acquired the estate at auction. He renamed it Château Mouton Rothschild. Two years later, during the 1855 Universal Exposition, the Château was ranked as a Second Growth (Second Grand Cru). In response to this classification, which was deemed too harsh, the following motto was adopted: "Premier ne puis, second ne daigne, Mouton suis" (First I cannot be, second I do not deign to be, Mouton I am).
In 1922, at the age of 20, Baron Philippe de Rothschild inherited the estate. The arrival of this personality, who was passionate about wine, literature, and motor racing, was synonymous with modernization and innovation. As early as 1924, Philippe de Rothschild made the decision to bottle his entire harvest at the château. By taking back control of the bottling, he affirmed the role and responsibility of the grand cru owner in the face of the wine merchants who, until then, had controlled the aging and marketing. In 1926, Philippe de Rothschild had the Grand Chai, a spectacular 100-meter-long building designed by the architect Charles Siclis, built to age his wines. For the 1924 vintage, he commissioned poster artist Jean Carlu to create a special label. This initiative would become the château's commercial signature from 1945 onwards.
In 1973, Château Mouton Rothschild finally acceded to the rank of First Growth. The revision of the classification was signed by the Minister of Agriculture himself, Jacques Chirac, under the presidency of Georges Pompidou. This is the only revision of the 1855 classification. Since then, the château's motto has changed to: "Premier je suis, second je fus, Mouton ne change" (First I am, second I was, Mouton does not change).
After Philippe de Rothschild's death in 1988, his daughter Philippine took over. She continued his work, notably by launching the white wine Aile d'Argent in 1991, produced on 8 hectares from Sauvignon Blanc (50%), Sémillon (40%), supplemented by Sauvignon Gris and Muscadelle.
Since Philippine's death in 2014, her three children have ensured the continuity of the family legacy.
Jean-Emmanuel Danjoy was appointed Technical Director in 2020. He also coordinates the teams of the two other Rothschild family properties in Pauillac, namely Châteaux Clerc Milon and d'Armailhac.
Regarding the terroir, the 91-hectare vineyard of Château Mouton Rothschild is planted on a gravelly ridge that culminates at 27 meters above sea level. These very deep gravelly soils rest on a clay-limestone base. The planting density is 10,000 vines per hectare, and the average age of the vines is 45 years. The grape varieties are distributed as follows: 81% Cabernet Sauvignon, 15% Merlot, 3% Cabernet Franc, and 1% Petit Verdot. Faced with climate challenges, the Rothschild group is conducting research to adapt its practices, such as mulching and the use of biostimulants.
For vinification, the estate uses a gravity-flow vat room inaugurated in 2013, which allows grapes to be transferred without pumps to preserve their integrity. The vat room consists of 44 oak vats and 20 stainless steel vats for plot-by-plot vinification. The wine is then aged for approximately 20 months in new oak barrels.
The Grand Vin blend is strongly marked by Cabernet Sauvignon. Depending on the vintage, its proportion varies from 75% to 94%. This late-ripening grape variety is able to thrive in the conditions of global warming. In recent vintages, its proportion has been close to 90% in the blends.
Le Petit Mouton is the second wine of Mouton Rothschild, produced at the château since 1993. It comes from the same vineyard but represents a selection of the château's young vines. Its name refers to the Victorian-style residence built in 1885 and inhabited by Philippine de Rothschild during her lifetime.
The Grand Vin of Mouton Rothschild has a bouquet of blackcurrant, blackberry, cocoa, and smoke. Its full-bodied and long palate is silky. It often has spicy (pepper) and woody (cedar) notes. Mouton embodies Pauillac in all its nobility, with an aging capacity that defies time.